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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa You've probably heard that different types of plants produce different flavors. Read on to learn about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa. Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity and tarter flavor, and are often used in blends of coffee to enhance the flavor. Arabica Arabica is the world's most popular coffee and accounts for 75% of the global coffee bean production. Arabica beans are more mild and sweeter than Robusta. They also are available in a variety of flavours. The aroma and taste of a coffee can vary in a wide range depending on the cultivation conditions and processing techniques used to produce it. The word “coffee” comes from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats became energized after eating these berries, and that the cultivation of coffee soon was a global phenomenon. Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes and flourish in cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is considered to be the most delicious kind of coffee. Many specialty coffee roasters and shops insist on sourcing their arabica beans ethically and focusing on fair pay for farmers and sustainable cultivation practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique specialty coffees, which can be used in many different brewing techniques. Blending gives control over the aroma, taste and body, as well as the acidity of coffee. It is typically used to create a consistent and balanced taste that appeals a wide market. Robusta Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean cultivated worldwide. They have more caffeine per bean and are more protected against diseases and pests. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation during the brewing process of coffee and create undesirable flavors. The plant itself is more robust than arabica, able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and does well in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant, and it grows faster than arabica. This makes it a cost effective crop to grow. Although it might appear counterintuitive, Robusta beans are often combined with arabica to create coffee blends. If you see names like Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's likely that there's also some robusta. While some roasters use exclusively arabica beans, most do a mix of the two varieties in order to cut costs and preserve the quality. To ensure the quality of the flavor, it's crucial to select a high-quality bean from a source that you can trust. This can be achieved by buying your beans directly from a farmer. Liberica Liberica beans have a shape like a football, which is what makes them distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive scent that is floral and fruity with smoky undertones. They are paired with other coffee bean types to provide them with a more rich, more robust taste. Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They are resistant to hot, humid climates and are able to grow at low altitudes. They also have a better resistance to diseases than Arabica and Robusta. Coffeee make them perfect for growing at home. On the internet, you can purchase seeds from a variety of sources. However, it is ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to ensure the highest quality. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee include fertile deep volcano soils with moderately acidic, and enough annual rainfall. Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa which was previously considered to be a separate species but has been re-classified as an alternative to Liberica. These coffee beans are oval-shaped and grow on large coffee plants that range from 20 to 30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. Their unique taste is both tart and sour, making them a popular choice for house blends. They have a lighter aroma and caffeine levels than Arabica or Robusta but still have a unique depth of flavor. Excelsa Although they're the fourth most popular type of coffee beans Excelsa beans aren't quite so easy to locate as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually thought to be a different coffee plant species until 2006 when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the global production of coffee. These beans have a distinctive teardrop-shaped shape and possess a dark, mysterious flavor. These beans are commonly used to give blends more body and a sweet tart flavor of ripe fruit. Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are renowned for their sweeter flavor. They grow best at high altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They also have a little of acidity. When roasted and brewed correctly, they can have notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit. Robusta is an almost identical choice to Arabica and makes up about 40 percent of the world's beans. These beans are rounder and smaller, yet they contain twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have earthy and woody undertones. Now that you know the four most common types of coffee beans now is the time to pick the perfect cup. If you're looking to enjoy a smooth soft, delicate flavor, go for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.